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  <div class="section" id="module-grp">
<span id="grp-the-group-database"></span><h1>35.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a> --- The group database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-grp" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all
Unix versions.</p>
<p>Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code> structure (Attribute field below, see
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></code>):</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="14%" />
<col width="22%" />
<col width="65%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Index</th>
<th class="head">Attribute</th>
<th class="head">Meaning</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>0</td>
<td>gr_name</td>
<td>the name of the group</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>1</td>
<td>gr_passwd</td>
<td>the (encrypted) group password;
often empty</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>2</td>
<td>gr_gid</td>
<td>the numerical group ID</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>3</td>
<td>gr_mem</td>
<td>all the group member's  user
names</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is a
list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as members of
the group they are in according to the password database.  Check both databases
to get complete membership information.  Also note that a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gr_name</span></code> that
starts with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> is likely to be a YP/NIS reference and may not be
accessible via <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="grp.getgrnam"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrnam()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a>.)</p>
<p>It defines the following items:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrgid">
<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrgid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>gid</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>
is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified">3.6 版后已移除: </span>Since Python 3.6 the support of non-integer arguments like floats or
strings in <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a> is deprecated.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrnam">
<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given group name. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is
raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="grp.getgrall">
<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrall" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt>
<dd>An interface to the user database, similar to this.</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></dt>
<dd>An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>


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